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Company security risk assessment: a practical template

A risk assessment is not a document you write once. It is a short, repeatable list of what you have, how exposed it is, who owns the fix and when it gets re-checked. Here is a template that survives contact with a real calendar.

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Start with scope, not with findings

Most assessments fail because the scope was never agreed. Decide up front what is in: which domains, which offices, which cloud accounts, which suppliers. Anything outside that list is explicitly deferred, not silently ignored. A tight scope you actually complete beats an exhaustive one that stalls after the first week.

The template

One row per asset. Eight columns, nothing more:

AssetWhat is being assessed — host, domain, application, supplier
ExposureHow reachable it is: internet-facing, internal only, third party
LikelihoodHow probable an attempt is, based on observed activity and intel
ImpactWhat breaks if it is compromised — data, uptime, reputation
ScoreLikelihood multiplied by impact, on your agreed scale
OwnerThe single named person accountable for the fix
FixThe concrete change that removes or reduces the risk
ReviewThe date this row is re-checked

Scoring that people will actually use

Pick a simple scale and stay on it. Likelihood and impact from 1 to 5 each, multiplied for a score out of 25, then banded: anything 15 and above gets fixed this sprint, 8 to 14 this quarter, below 8 goes on the watch list. Precision is not the point. Consistency is — a score only means something when the same scale is applied next quarter.

A worked example

A forgotten staging subdomain resolves to a host with a database port open to the internet. Exposure is high because it is reachable from anywhere; likelihood is high because exposed database ports are scanned continuously; impact is high because the host holds a copy of customer records. Score 20, so it is fixed now: close the port, restrict the host, remove the DNS record. Owner named, review date set for two weeks.

Automate the external half

Roughly half of a typical assessment is about what the outside world can see: IP reputation, block list presence, exposed services, breached staff addresses. That half is data collection, and it is worth automating so the human time goes on judgement and fixes. Run a ThreatScout report for each asset in scope, take the risk score and findings as your starting rows, and re-run the same scope on your review date to prove the fixes held.

Keep it alive

Put the review date in the calendar before you publish the assessment, and keep the list short enough to re-read in one sitting. An assessment that is reviewed quarterly with thirty honest rows is worth more than a perfect one that nobody opens again.

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